RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliação da frequência das posições relativas e do comprimento do apêndice vermiforme em um grupo de cadáveres examinados pelos autores. Método: Dissecção de 377 cadáveres adultos necropsiados. Resultados e conclusões: Apêndices retrocecais: 43,5%, subcecais: 24,4%, pós-ileais: 14,3%, pélvico: 9,3%, paracecais: 5,8%, pré-ileais 2,4%, outras posic¸ões: 0,27%. Comprimento médio: 11,4 cm.

Objective: Evaluation of the frequency of the relative positions and length of vermiform appendix in a group of corpses examined by the authors. Method: Dissection of 377 adult cadavers autopsied. Results and conclusions: Retrocecal: 43.5%; subcecal: 24.4% post-ileal: 14.3%, pelvic: 9.3%; paracecal: 5.8%; and pre-ileal appendices: 2.4%, other positions: 0.27%, mean length: 11.4 cm.

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta uma análise dos processos logísticos adotados em resposta a seis desastres naturais ocorridos entre 2000 e 2011: Moçambique (2000); Oceano Índico (2004); Paquistão (2005); Haiti (2010); Japão (2011), Brasil (2011). A seleção dos eventos estudados baseou-se na dimensão do seu impacto com relação ao número de fatalidades e ao número de pessoas atingidas. Através de uma análise realizada por meio de dados secundários, foram identificadas as melhores práticas, os problemas ocorridos e principais desafios destas operações humanitárias, de forma a identificar condições comuns aos cenários. Como resultado da análise, são propostas sugestões para aumentar a eficácia e o sucesso do processo logístico em outras operações de resposta humanitária. Este estudo contribui para a identificação de procedimentos que podem servir como base para o desenvolvimento de modelos para respostas mais eficazes em eventos similares.

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the logistical processes adopted in response operations to six natural disasters that occurred between 2000 and 2011: Mozambique (2000), Indian Ocean (2004), Pakistan (2005), Haiti (2010), Japan (2011), and Brazil (2011). The selection of the studied events was based on the extent of their impact, considering the number of casualties and the number of victims affected by the disaster. Based on an analysis of secondary data, the best practices, the problems that occurred and the main challenges of these humanitarian operations are identified. As a result, suggestions are proposed to improve the effectiveness and the success rate of the logistics process in other humanitarian response operations. Finally, this study contributes to the identification of procedures that can serve as the basis for the development of more effective models for the response operations of similar events.

FUNDAMENTOS: As vantagens dos cianoacrilatos em síntese cutânea têm sido sobejamente mostradas na literatura. Entretanto, estes produtos têm sido subutilizados no Brazil devido aos elevados custos do 2-octilcianoacrilato. Ademais, a forma mais economicamente acessível, o 2-etilcianoacrilato, tem sido pouco estudada como adesivo cutâneo. OBJETIVO: Avaliação da eficácia do fechamento de lesões cutâneas usando o 2-etilcianoacrilato. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo no qual 46 feridas foram ocluídas usando o 2-etilcianoacrilato de baixo custo como alternativa a sutura intradérmica. RESULTADOS: Feridas excisionais (97,8%) e traumática (2,2%) foram tratadas com 2-etilcianoacrilato e suturas profundas relaxadoras como método de síntese. Cicatrizes inestéticas (22%), infecção (2,1%), deiscência (2,1%) e dermatite alérgica de contato (2,1%) foram os problemas encontrados. Não houve casos de necrose ou quelóides. Os resultados foram considerados satisfatórios na grande maioria dos casos (97,3%). CONCLUSÕES: O uso do ECA mostrou-se seguro e com resultados cosméticos satisfatórios neste grupo de pacientes.

BACKGROUND: The advantages of the cyanoacrylates in cutaneous synthesis have been often demonstrated in the literature. However, these products have been underutilized in Brazil due to the high costs of the 2-octil-cyanoacrylate. Besides, few studies have been done with the more economically accessible form, the 2-etil-cyanoacrylate, as a cutaneous tissue adhesive. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the closing of cutaneous lesions using ECA. METHOD: This was a prospective study in which 46 wounds were occluded using the low cost ECA as an alternative to intradermal suture. RESULTS: Excisions (97,8%) and traumatic wounds (2,2%) were treated with 2-etil-cyanoacrylate and deep relaxed sutures as synthesis method. Unaesthetic scars (22%), infection (2,1%), dehiscence (2,1%) and contact allergic dermatitis (2,1%) were the problems we found. There were no cases of necrosis or keloids. The results were considered satisfactory in most cases (97,3%). CONCLUSION: The use of 2-etil-cyanoacrylate was shown to be safe and with satisfactory cosmetic results in this group of patients.

OBJETIVO: descrever as características demográficas, sócio-econômicas e clínicas de pacientes com síndrome da fibromialgia (SF) atendidos no Hospital Santo Antônio em Salvador, BA, Brasil. MÉTODOS: cento e vinte pacientes com SF foram avaliados prospectivamente por dois reumatologistas, quanto aos dados clínico-epidemiológicos e manifestações clínicas. RESULTADOS: todos os pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade igual a 29,8 anos. A dor difusa foi encontrada em todas as pacientes e fadiga em 94,2% (n=113). Ansiedade foi referida por 105 pacientes (87,5%) e depressão por 47 (39,2%). O tender-point mais encontrado foi o suboccipital direito, em 40% (n=48) dos pacientes e o menos encontrado foi o glúteo direito, em 26,7% (n=26). A média do número total de tender points foi 13,6 (limites de 11 a 18), sendo a média e a mediana 14. O grupo de pacientes que tiveram número de tender-points superior ou igual à mediana apresentou, significativamente, menor renda familiar (p<0,01), maior presença de tabagismo (p<0,01) e distúrbios do sono (p<0,05), quando comparados com os demais. Conclusões: os pacientes avaliados apresentaram diversas características em comum com pacientes de estudos anteriores, mas diferiram quanto às freqüências total e específica de tender-points. Foi significativa a associação de renda familiar baixa, distúrbios do sono e tabagismo com maior quantidade de tender-points.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of patients with Fibromyialgia Syndrome (FS) assisted at the Hospital Santo Antônio in Salvador, BA, Brazil. METHODS: a hundred and twenty patients with FS were prospectively evaluated by two rheumatologists in relation to the clinical-epidemic data and clinical manifestations. RESULTS: all the patients were female, with average age of 29.8 years. Diffuse pain was found in all patients and fatigue was found in 94.2% (n = 113). Anxiety was referred by 105 patients (87.5%) and depression by 47 (39.2%) of them. The most common tender point found was the right subocciput, reported by 40% (n = 48) of the patients and the less found was the right gluteal, in 26.7% (n = 26). The mean of the total number of tender points was 13.6 (limits from 11 to 18), being the average and the median 14. The patients' group that had the number of tender points superior or equal to the median presented, significantly, lower family income (p < 0.01), larger smoking habit (p < 0.01) and sleeping disturbances (p < 0.05) when compared to the others. CONCLUSIONS: the appraised patients presented several characteristics in common with patients of previous studies, but they differed in relation to the frequencies of total and specific tender points. We found a significant association of low family income, sleeping disturbances and smoking habit with a larger amount of tender points.

In areas of Leishmania chagasi transmission the ability to control leishmania infection is associated with IFN-g production. In visceral leishmaniasis down-regulation of T cell responses is mediated by interleukin-10 (IL-10). In this study we evaluated the lymphoproliferative response, IFN-g and IL-10 production on lymphocyte cultures stimulated with recombinant leishmania antigens in subjects with asymptomatic L. chagasi infection. There was a statistically significant difference in the lymphoproliferative response of the subjects with asymptomatic infection as compared to patients with visceral leishmaniasis and healthy subjects with respect to crude antigens (p<0.01), gp-63 (p<0.05) and hsp-70 (p<0.01), as well as between asymptomatic L. chagasi infected subjects and patients with visceral leishmaniasis with respect to the response to all antigens tested. The IFN-g production observed in the group with asymptomatic infection with all the three recombinant antigens tested was higher (p<0.01) than that observed in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and in healthy subjects. Furthermore, in individuals with asymptomatic infection, IL-10 levels in cultures stimulated with recombinant antigens were very low. This study shows that lymphocytes from individuals with asymptomatic L. chagasi infection are able to recognize recombinant leishmania antigens with production of a cytokine that is associated with leishmania killing.

The frequency of asymptomatic infection among relatives and neighbors of cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was compared and characterization of the immunological response in these subjects was performed. Cases were from a new endemic area, close to the beach and near Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The characterization of asymptomatic infection was made using a skin reaction test and detection of antibody to Leishmania chagasi by the ELISA test. To characterize the immunological response of these subjects with asymptomatic L. chagasi infection the cytokines profile and the lymphoproliferative response were determined after stimulation of lymphocytes by L. chagasi antigen. There was no difference in the frequency of L. chagasi infection in relatives (45%) and in neighbors (27%) of cases of VL (P>0.05). The immunological response from these subjects was characterized by high production of IFN-g and a low production of IL-10 and a good lymphoproliferative response to L. chagasi antigen